De dignotione ex insomniis Galenus Kühn, Karl Gottlob Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Published original versions of the electronic texts A Digital Corpus for Graeco-Arabic Studies, funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Mark Schiefsky, Harvard University Gregory R. Crane, Universität Leipzig Uwe Vagelpohl, University of Warwick Keyboarding Digital Divide Data Editor-in-Chief, Perseus Digital Library Gregory R. Crane Project Manager (University of Leipzig) Matt Munson Project Assistant (University of Leipzig) Annette Geßner Lead Developer (University of Leipzig) Thibault Clérice Technical Advisor Bruce Robertson Revised edition of the originally published versions of the electronic texts. 2024 To reuse the Kühn’s edition for the Galenus verbatim project, we (silently) corrected the texts as found in the First1KGreek repository, whether there were mistakes of transcriptions, errors in the metadata or missing parts of the text. We added bibliographical references to the previous editions referred to in Kühn’s edition as "Bas." and "Chart.": that of the Γαληνοῦ Ἅπαντα published in Basel (hence referred to as #Basel) and the Operum Hippocratis Coi, et Galeni Pergameni of René Chartier (hence referred to as #Chartier); we changed the naming schemes of the milestones indicating the corresponding Basel and Chartier pages in Kühn’s edition, and added the corresponding Basel and Chartier volume number. The editions other than that of Kühn were given milestones indicating the corresponding Kühn volume and pages when they were missing. Treatises from Kühn’s edition were given line numbers. We also added elements of structuration that were present in Kühn’s edition but were missing in the TEI, mainly the division of chapters into sections in some treatises, as well as the header for those sections. The text of headings containing the name of chapter and numbers of chapters and sections have been restored, as well as the original symbols as they appear in Kühn’s printed edition. The text numbered tlg0057.tlg096 that was separately edited was reinserted in the tlg0057.tlg095 in accordance with its location within Kühn’s edition. For details, see the revisionDesc section. Galenus verbatim, funded by the Institut universitaire de France (2019-2024), the Initiative humanités biomédicales de l’Alliance Sorbonne Université (2021-2024) and the Institut des sciences de l’Antiquité de l’Alliance Sorbonne Université (2024-2025) Nathalie Rousseau, Sorbonne Université Editor-in-Chief, Galenus verbatim Galenus verbatim, funded by the Institut universitaire de France (2019-2024), the Initiative humanités biomédicales de l’Alliance Sorbonne Université (2021-2024) and the Institut des sciences de l’Antiquité de l’Alliance Sorbonne Université (2024-2025) Nathalie Rousseau, Sorbonne Université Lead Developer, Optéos Frédéric Glorieux Digital Editor, Galenus verbatim Galenus verbatim, funded by the Institut universitaire de France (2019-2024), the Initiative humanités biomédicales de l’Alliance Sorbonne Université (2021-2024) and the Institut des sciences de l’Antiquité de l’Alliance Sorbonne Université (2024-2025) Cahal Taaffe Digital Editor, Galenus verbatim Lucas Lemperriere, Université de Rouen Galenus verbatim, funded by the Institut universitaire de France (2019-2024), the Initiative humanités biomédicales de l’Alliance Sorbonne Université (2021-2024) and the Institut des sciences de l’Antiquité de l’Alliance Sorbonne Université (2024-2025) Institut universitaire de France Initiative humanités biomédicales de l’Alliance Sorbonne Université A Digital Corpus for Graeco-Arabic Studies, funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation University of Leipzig Germany tlg0057.tlg040.1st1K-grc1.xml Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License 2016 Claudii Galeni Opera Omnia Galenus Kühn, Karl Gottlob Cnobloch Leipzig 6 832-835 1823 HathiTrust Γαληνοῦ Ἅπαντα. Galeni Pergameni Opera omnia Galenus Camerarius, Joachim Fuchs, Leonhart Gemusaeus, Hieronymus Cratander Basel 3 463 1538 BIU Santé, Medica Magni Hippocratis Coi, et Claudii Galeni Pergameni archiatrΩn uniuersa quae extant Galenus Chartier, René [s.n.] Paris 6 517-518 1638 BIU Santé, Medica

The following text is encoded in accordance with EpiDoc standards and with the CTS/CITE Architecture.

Typographical errors of the printed edition are marked up by a <choice> element.

End-of-line hyphenation is silently removed where appropriate.

The layout of the printed edition is marked up by <pb> and <lb> elements. The indentation type has been systematically specified with a rend value.

Titles for books of treatises are marked up by a <head> element.

Divisions in works, books, chapters, sections are marked up by a <div> element.

Headings are marked up by a <label> element. Greek numbers in headings of chapters or sections are marked up by a <num> element.

Verse lines are marked up by an <l> element.

Linegroups are marked up by an <lg> element.

Tables are marked up by a <table> element.

In the commentaries, Hippocratic lemmas are marked up by a <quote> element.

Original symbols are maintained as they appear in Kühn’s printed edition. In the Greek text, the following symbols are used: ϛ (stigma: U+03DB), ϟ (koppa: U+03DF), ϡ (sampi: U+03E1), S" (as Galen describes this symbol as a ‘Roman S’ [Ῥωμαϊκὸν S: 19.757.6-7], the Unicode character 𐅵 for ‘half’, U+10175, is not appropriate), 𐆃 (litra: U+10183), 𐅻 (drachma: U+1017B), 𐆈 (gramma: U+10188), 𐅼 (obol: U+1017C), 𐅽 (two obols: U+1017D), Ͻ (capital lunate reverse sigma: U+03FD), 𐆅 (xestes: U+10185), 𐆂ο (kyathos: U+10182+ super omicron 03BF), ♃ (Jupiter: U+2643). In the pseudo-Galenic text Prognostica de decubitu ex mathematica scientia (urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0530.tlg024.verbatim-grc1), the following astrological symbols are also used: ♒ (aquarius: U+2652), ♈ (aries: U+2648), ♋ (cancer: U+264B), ♑ (capricorn: U+2651), ♀ (female sign: U+2640), ♊ (gemini: U+264A), ☾ (last quarter moon: U+263E), ♌ (leo: U+264C), ♎ (libra: U+264E), ♂ (male sign: U+2642), ☿ (mercury: U+263F), ☍ (opposition: U+260D), ♓ (pisces: U+2653), ♐ (sagittarius: U+2650), ♄ (saturn: U+2644), ♏ (scorpio: U+264F), ☉ (sun: U+2609), ♉ (taurus: U+2649), ♍ (virgo: U+264D), □ (white square: U+25A1).

The Unicode character dexia keraia (U+0374) is used to indicate the numeric use of Greek letters.

 Greek First round of revisions for publication on the Galenus verbatim website. Added bibliographical information on the editions referred to in Kühn’s edition as "Bas." and "Chart." Corrected and added milestone tags for the missing page changes of both Basel and Chartier editions when they were missing. Punctual correction to the digitization of Kühn’s text. Correction and additions of the sections <div> level when they were missing to better reflect the structure of Kühn’s edition. Modification to the subtype of some <div> to better reflect the structure of Kühn’s edition. Added <label> elements for all headings of chapters and sections. Added <l> elements for verse lines and <lg> elements for linegroups. Symbols that the initial transcription rendered as abbreviations have been restored as they appear in Kühn’s printed edition. For details, see the editorialDecl section. Added line number. The text of headings containing the name of chapter and numbers of chapters and sections have been restored and marked with <label> and <num> elements. All the indentations have been restored. The transcription of the Greek numerals has been verified. The correct Unicode character dexia keraia (U+0374) has been restored to indicate the numeric use of Greek letters in place of the erroneous acute accent (U+0384) that appeared in the initial transcription. The transcription of the punctuation has been reviewed overall, with line-by-line checks for suspicious character sequences. In particular, numerous spurious punctuation marks (dots, commas, apostrophes) present in the initial transcription but corresponding to print smudges in Kühn’s printed edition have been silently removed; whereas punctuation errors originating in the printed edition have been marked up by a <choice> element, in accordance with the principles stated in the editorialDecl section.
ΓΑΛΗΝΟΥ ΠΕΡΙ ΤΗΣ ΕΞ ΕΝΥΠΝΙΩΝ ΔΙΑΓΝΩΣΕΩΣ.

Τὸ ἐνύπνιον δὲ ἡμῖν ἐνδείκνυται διάθεσιν τοῦ σώματος. πυρκαϊὰν μέν τις ὁρῶν ὄναρ ὑπὸ τῆς ξανθῆς ἐνοχλεῖται χολῆς· εἰ δὲ καπνὸν, ἢ ἀχλὺν, ἢ βαθὺ σκότος, ὑπὸ τῆς μελαίνης χολῆς· ὄμβρος δὲ ψυχρὰν ὑγρότητα πλεονάζειν ἐνδείκνυται· χιὼν δὲ καὶ κρύσταλλος καὶ χάλαζα φλέγμα ψυχρόν. δεῖ δὲ καὶ τῷ καιρῷ καὶ τῇ ληφθείσῃ τροφῇ προσέχειν. ὁ γὰρ χιονίζεσθαι δοκῶν εἰ κατ’ εἰσβολὴν παροξυσμοῦ μετὰ ῥίγους ἢ φρίκης ἢ καταψύξεως γενομένου τοῦτ’ ἐμφαντασθῇ, τῷ καιρῷ τὸ πλέον, οὐ τῇ διαθέσει τοῦ σώματος διδόναι χρή· κατὰ μέντοι τὴν παρακμὴν τοιοῦτον ὄναρ θεασάμενος, βεβαιοτέραν ἡμῖν ἔνδειξιν ἐργάσεται τῆς τῶν ἐπικρατούντων χυμῶν ψυχρότητος, ἔτι δὲ μᾶλλον, ἐὰν μὴ ἐδηδοκὼς ᾖ τι τῶν φλεγματικῶν ἐδεσμάτων, ὧν ἐν τῇ γαστρὶ περιεχομένων, ἐνδέχεται τοιαύτην τινὰ γενέσθαι φαντασίαν, καίτοι τῆς ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ σώματι διαθέσεως οὐκ οὔσης ὁμοίας. ἐπεὶ δὲ ἐν τοῖς ὕπνοις οὐκ ἐπὶ ταῖς τοῦ σώματος ἡ ψυχὴ διαθέσεσι φαντάζεται μόνον, ἀλλὰ κᾀκ τῶν συνήθως ἡμῖν πραττομένων ὁσημέραι, ἔνια δὲ ἐξ ὧν πεφροντίκαμεν, καὶ δή τινα μαντικῶς ὑπ’ αὐτῆς προδηλοῦνται, (καὶ γὰρ τοῦτο τῇ πείρᾳ μαρτυρεῖται,) δύσκολος ἡ διάγνωσις τοῦ σώματος γίγνεται ἐκ τῶν ἀπὸ τοῦ σώματος ὁρμωμένων ἐνυπνίων. εἰ μὲν γὰρ ἀπὸ τῶν ἐφ’ ἡμέρας πραττομένων ἢ φροντιζομένων ἔδει διακρίνειν αὐτὸ μόνον, οὐδὲν ἂν ἦν χαλεπὸν, ὅσα μηδὲ πέπρακται, μηδὲ φροντίζεται, ταῦτα ἐκ τοῦ σώματος ὁρμᾶσθαι δοκεῖν· ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ μαντικά τινα συγχωροῦμεν εἶναι, πῶς ταῦτ’ ἂν διακριθείη τῶν ἀπὸ τοῦ σώματος ὁρμωμένων, οὐ ῥᾴδιον εἰπεῖν. ἐθεάσατο γοῦν τις τὸ ἕτερον τῶν σκελῶν λίθινον γεγονέναι, καὶ τοῦτο ἔκριναν πολλοὶ τῶν περὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα δεινῶν ὡς πρὸς τοὺς δούλους τείνειν τὸ ὄναρ, ἀλλὰ παρελύθη τὸ σκέλος ἐκεῖνο ὁ ἄνθρωπος, οὐδενὸς ἡμῶν προσδοκήσαντος τοῦτο. τὸν μὲν γὰρ παλαιστὴν ἐν αἵματος δεξαμενῇ δόξαντα ἑστάναι καὶ μόγις αὐτῆς ὑπερέχοντα πλῆθος αἵματος ἔχειν ἐτεκμηράμεθα, καὶ δεῖσθαι κενώσεως. τινὲς δὲ ἱδροῦν κριτικῶς μέλλοντες λούεσθαι καὶ κολυμβᾷν ἔδοξαν ἐν θερμῶν ὑδάτων δεξαμεναῖς. οὕτω δὲ καὶ ἡ τοῦ πίνειν φαντασία χωρὶς τοῦ πίμπλασθαι διψῶσι πάνυ συμβαίνει, καθάπερ καὶ τοῦ ἐσθίειν ἀπλήστως τοῖς πεινῶσι, τοῦ δὲ ἀφροδισιάζειν τοῖς σπέρματος πλήρεσιν. ἔοικε γὰρ ἐν τοῖς ὕπνοις εἰς τὸ βάθος τοῦ σώματος ἡ ψυχὴ εἰσδῦσα καὶ τῶν ἐκτὸς ἀποχωρήσασα αἰσθητῶν τῆς κατὰ τὸ σῶμα διαθέσεως αἰσθάνεσθαι, καὶ πάντων, ὧν ὀρέγεται, τούτων ὡς ἤδη παρόντων λαμβάνειν φαντασίαν. καὶ εἴπερ ἔχει ταῦθ’ οὕτως, οὐδὲν ἂν εἴη θαυμαστὸν, ὁπότε μὲν ὑπὸ πλήθους χυμῶν ἡ ψυχικὴ δύναμις ἐνοχλεῖται βαρυνομένη, μόγις μὲν κινουμένους ἑαυτοὺς κατ’ ὄναρ φαντάζεσθαι καὶ βαστάζοντας ἄχθη τινά· τοὐναντίον δὲ, ὅταν ᾖ κούφη τε καὶ ἀπέριττος ἡ τοῦ σώματος διάθεσις, ἤτοι πετομένους, ἦ θέοντας ὠκύτατα τοὺς οὕτω διακειμένους ὁρᾷν ὄναρ, ὁμοιουμένων ἀεὶ τῶν φαντασμάτων τῆς ψυχῆς ταῖς τοῦ σώματος διαθέσεσιν, ἄχρι τοῦ καὶ τῶν δυσωδῶν ἢ εὐωδῶν ἀνέχεσθαι δοκεῖν. οἱ μὲν γὰρ ἐν κόπρῳ καὶ βορβόροις διατρίβειν ἑαυτοὺς φαντασθέντες ἤτοι τοὺς χυμοὺς ἐν αὑτοῖς μοχθηροὺς καὶ δυσώδεις καὶ σεσηπότας ἔχουσιν, ἢ πλῆθος κόπρου περιεχομένης ἐν τοῖς ἐντέροις· τοὺς δὲ ἔμπαλιν τούτων διακειμένους καὶ δοκοῦντας ἐν εὐώδεσι τόποις διατρίβειν ἐναντίαν ἔχειν ἐν τῷ σώματι διάθεσιν ἡγητέον. ἃ τοίνυν ὁρῶσιν οἱ κάμνοντες ἐν τοῖς ἐνυπνίοις καὶ πράττειν δοκοῦσιν, ἐνδείξεται πολλάκις ἡμῖν ἐνδείας τε καὶ πλεονεξίας καὶ ποιότητας χυμῶν.