De hirudinibus, revulsione, cucurbitula, incisione et scarificatione Galenus Kühn, Karl Gottlob Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Published original versions of the electronic texts A Digital Corpus for Graeco-Arabic Studies, funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Mark Schiefsky, Harvard University Gregory R. Crane, Universität Leipzig Uwe Vagelpohl, University of Warwick Keyboarding Digital Divide Data Editor-in-Chief, Perseus Digital Library Gregory R. Crane Project Manager (University of Leipzig) Matt Munson Project Assistant (University of Leipzig) Annette Geßner Lead Developer (University of Leipzig) Thibault Clérice Technical Advisor Bruce Robertson Revised edition of the originally published versions of the electronic texts. 2024 To reuse the Kühn’s edition for the Galenus verbatim project, we (silently) corrected the texts as found in the First1KGreek repository, whether there were mistakes of transcriptions, errors in the metadata or missing parts of the text. We added bibliographical references to the previous editions referred to in Kühn’s edition as "Bas." and "Chart.": that of the Γαληνοῦ Ἅπαντα published in Basel (hence referred to as #Basel) and the Operum Hippocratis Coi, et Galeni Pergameni of René Chartier (hence referred to as #Chartier); we changed the naming schemes of the milestones indicating the corresponding Basel and Chartier pages in Kühn’s edition, and added the corresponding Basel and Chartier volume number. The editions other than that of Kühn were given milestones indicating the corresponding Kühn volume and pages when they were missing. Treatises from Kühn’s edition were given line numbers. We also added elements of structuration that were present in Kühn’s edition but were missing in the TEI, mainly the division of chapters into sections in some treatises, as well as the header for those sections. The text of headings containing the name of chapter and numbers of chapters and sections have been restored, as well as the original symbols as they appear in Kühn’s printed edition. The text numbered tlg0057.tlg096 that was separately edited was reinserted in the tlg0057.tlg095 in accordance with its location within Kühn’s edition. For details, see the revisionDesc section. Galenus verbatim, funded by the Institut universitaire de France (2019-2024), the Initiative humanités biomédicales de l’Alliance Sorbonne Université (2021-2024) and the Institut des sciences de l’Antiquité de l’Alliance Sorbonne Université (2024-2025) Nathalie Rousseau, Sorbonne Université Editor-in-Chief, Galenus verbatim Galenus verbatim, funded by the Institut universitaire de France (2019-2024), the Initiative humanités biomédicales de l’Alliance Sorbonne Université (2021-2024) and the Institut des sciences de l’Antiquité de l’Alliance Sorbonne Université (2024-2025) Nathalie Rousseau, Sorbonne Université Lead Developer, Optéos Frédéric Glorieux Digital Editor, Galenus verbatim Galenus verbatim, funded by the Institut universitaire de France (2019-2024), the Initiative humanités biomédicales de l’Alliance Sorbonne Université (2021-2024) and the Institut des sciences de l’Antiquité de l’Alliance Sorbonne Université (2024-2025) Cahal Taaffe Digital Editor, Galenus verbatim Lucas Lemperriere, Université de Rouen Galenus verbatim, funded by the Institut universitaire de France (2019-2024), the Initiative humanités biomédicales de l’Alliance Sorbonne Université (2021-2024) and the Institut des sciences de l’Antiquité de l’Alliance Sorbonne Université (2024-2025) Institut universitaire de France Initiative humanités biomédicales de l’Alliance Sorbonne Université A Digital Corpus for Graeco-Arabic Studies, funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation University of Leipzig Germany tlg0057.tlg071.1st1K-grc1.xml Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License 2016 Claudii Galeni Opera Omnia Galenus Kühn, Karl Gottlob Cnobloch Leipzig 11 317-322 1826 HathiTrust Γαληνοῦ Ἅπαντα. Galeni Pergameni Opera omnia Galenus Camerarius, Joachim Fuchs, Leonhart Gemusaeus, Hieronymus Cratander Basel 4 27-28 1538 BIU Santé, Medica Magni Hippocratis Coi, et Claudii Galeni Pergameni archiatrΩn uniuersa quae extant Galenus Chartier, René Blondel, François Le Moine, Antoine André Pralard Paris 10 453-455 1679 BIU Santé, Medica

The following text is encoded in accordance with EpiDoc standards and with the CTS/CITE Architecture.

Typographical errors of the printed edition are marked up by a <choice> element.

End-of-line hyphenation is silently removed where appropriate.

The layout of the printed edition is marked up by <pb> and <lb> elements. The indentation type has been systematically specified with a rend value.

Titles for books of treatises are marked up by a <head> element.

Divisions in works, books, chapters, sections are marked up by a <div> element.

Headings are marked up by a <label> element. Greek numbers in headings of chapters or sections are marked up by a <num> element.

Verse lines are marked up by an <l> element.

Linegroups are marked up by an <lg> element.

Tables are marked up by a <table> element.

In the commentaries, Hippocratic lemmas are marked up by a <quote> element.

Original symbols are maintained as they appear in Kühn’s printed edition. In the Greek text, the following symbols are used: ϛ (stigma: U+03DB), ϟ (koppa: U+03DF), ϡ (sampi: U+03E1), S" (as Galen describes this symbol as a ‘Roman S’ [Ῥωμαϊκὸν S: 19.757.6-7], the Unicode character 𐅵 for ‘half’, U+10175, is not appropriate), 𐆃 (litra: U+10183), 𐅻 (drachma: U+1017B), 𐆈 (gramma: U+10188), 𐅼 (obol: U+1017C), 𐅽 (two obols: U+1017D), Ͻ (capital lunate reverse sigma: U+03FD), 𐆅 (xestes: U+10185), 𐆂ο (kyathos: U+10182+ super omicron 03BF), ♃ (Jupiter: U+2643). In the pseudo-Galenic text Prognostica de decubitu ex mathematica scientia (urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0530.tlg024.verbatim-grc1), the following astrological symbols are also used: ♒ (aquarius: U+2652), ♈ (aries: U+2648), ♋ (cancer: U+264B), ♑ (capricorn: U+2651), ♀ (female sign: U+2640), ♊ (gemini: U+264A), ☾ (last quarter moon: U+263E), ♌ (leo: U+264C), ♎ (libra: U+264E), ♂ (male sign: U+2642), ☿ (mercury: U+263F), ☍ (opposition: U+260D), ♓ (pisces: U+2653), ♐ (sagittarius: U+2650), ♄ (saturn: U+2644), ♏ (scorpio: U+264F), ☉ (sun: U+2609), ♉ (taurus: U+2649), ♍ (virgo: U+264D), □ (white square: U+25A1).

The Unicode character dexia keraia (U+0374) is used to indicate the numeric use of Greek letters.

 Greek First round of revisions for publication on the Galenus verbatim website. Added bibliographical information on the editions referred to in Kühn’s edition as "Bas." and "Chart." Corrected and added milestone tags for the missing page changes of both Basel and Chartier editions when they were missing. Punctual correction to the digitization of Kühn’s text. Correction and additions of the sections <div> level when they were missing to better reflect the structure of Kühn’s edition. Modification to the subtype of some <div> to better reflect the structure of Kühn’s edition. Added <label> elements for all headings of chapters and sections. Added <l> elements for verse lines and <lg> elements for linegroups. Symbols that the initial transcription rendered as abbreviations have been restored as they appear in Kühn’s printed edition. For details, see the editorialDecl section. Added line number. The text of headings containing the name of chapter and numbers of chapters and sections have been restored and marked with <label> and <num> elements. All the indentations have been restored. The transcription of the Greek numerals has been verified. The correct Unicode character dexia keraia (U+0374) has been restored to indicate the numeric use of Greek letters in place of the erroneous acute accent (U+0384) that appeared in the initial transcription. The transcription of the punctuation has been reviewed overall, with line-by-line checks for suspicious character sequences. In particular, numerous spurious punctuation marks (dots, commas, apostrophes) present in the initial transcription but corresponding to print smudges in Kühn’s printed edition have been silently removed; whereas punctuation errors originating in the printed edition have been marked up by a <choice> element, in accordance with the principles stated in the editorialDecl section.
ΓΑΛΗΝΟΥ ΠΕΡΙ ΒΔΕΛΛΩΝ, ΑΝΤΙΣΠΑΣΕΩΣ, ΣΙΚΥΑΣ ΚΑΙ ΕΓΧΑΡΑΞΕΩΣ ΚΑΙ ΚΑΤΑΣΧΑΣΜΟΥ.

Θηρῶντές τινες τὰς βδέλλας κατακλείουσι καὶ ἐπὶ πολλοῖς αὐταῖς χρῶνται. αὗται γὰρ ἐκμειλίττουσαι ῥᾳδίως ἅπτονται τῶν σαρκῶν. τὰς δὲ νέον εἰλημμένας φυλάττειν χρὴ ἡμέραν μίαν, αἷμα ὀλίγον εἰς διατροφὴν ἐμβάλλοντας. οὕτως γὰρ διαπιεσθήσεται τὸ ἰῶδες αὐτῶν. ἐπὶ δὲ τῆς χρείας τὸ βδελλισθησόμενον μέρος προεκνιτρούσθω καὶ καταχριέσθω ἢ κνάσθω τοῖς ὄνυξι, ἑτοιμότερον γὰρ ἅψονται. δεῖ δὲ ἐμβαλεῖν αὐτὰ εἰς ὕδωρ χλιαρὸν καὶ καθαρὸν ἀγγεῖον εὐρὺ, ἔπειτα σπόγγῳ περιλαβόντες αὐτὰς καὶ τὸ γλοιῶδες ἀποκαθάραντες διὰ τῶν χειρῶν προσέξομεν. μετὰ δὲ τὸ ἐμφῦναι ἔλαιον χλιαρὸν ἐπιχέομεν τῷ μορίῳ, ὥστε μὴ ψυγῆναι. ἐπὶ δὲ χειρῶν ἢ ποδῶν αὐτὸ τὸ μέρος ἐμβαλεῖν χρὴ τῷ ὕδατι, ἔνθα εἰσὶν αἱ βδέλλαι. εἰ δὲ ὀλίγον ἅψοιντο, ψαλίζειν χρὴ τὰς οὐρὰς αὐτῶν. ἐκχεομένου γὰρ τοῦ αἵματος, ἕλκουσαι οὐ παύονται, μέχρις ἂν ἡμεῖς ἅλας ἢ σποδὸν προσπάσσωμεν αὐτῶν τοῖς στόμασι. μετὰ δὲ τὸ ἀποπεσεῖν σικύᾳ χρὴ τὸ ἰῶδες ἐξέλκειν· εἰ δὲ μὴ, πυριατέον σπόγγοις. τὰ δὲ σώματα, εἰ μὲν ὑποδακρύει, κύμινον ἢ ἄλευρον προσπαστέον, ἔπειτα ἐρίῳ ἔλαιον βραχὺ κατειλικτέον. εἰ δὲ αἱμοῤῥαγείη, ὀθόνια ἐπιβλητέον ἐξ ὄξους ἢ κηκίδα κεκαυμένην, ἢ σπόγγον δεύσας ὑγροπίσσῃ καὶ καύσας ἐπιθετέον. γινώσκειν δὲ χρὴ ὡς αἱ βδέλλαι οὐ τὸ ἐν τῷ βάθει ἕλκουσιν αἷμα, ἀλλ’ αὐτὸ τὸ παρακείμενον τῇ σαρκὶ εἰσμύζουσιν. χρώμεθα δὲ αὐταῖς ἀντὶ σικυῶν, ἀποσπῶμεν δὲ αὐτὰς, ὁπόταν εἰκάσωμεν τὸ ἥμισυ μέρος εἱλκύσθαι τοῦ αἵματος. ἐκκωλύομεν δὲ καὶ οὐκ ἐῶμεν ἀποῤῥεῖν ἕως ἂν αὔταρκες ἀποκριθῇ, ἐπειδὴ τὸ μόριον ψύχεται ὑπό τε τῶν βδελλῶν φύσει ψυχρῶν οὐσῶν καὶ ὑπὸ τοῦ περιέχοντος.

Περὶ ἀντισπάσεως.

Τὰς σφοδροτάτας ἐπιῤῥοὰς τῶν χυμῶν ἀντισπαστικοῖς βοηθήμασι κωλύομεν ἀθρόως κατασκήπτειν. ἀντισπαστικὰ δέ ἐστι βοηθήματα ἐπὶ τῆς εἰς θώρακα καὶ γαστέρα ῥοπῆς εἰς χεῖρας· ἔμετοι δὲ ἐπὶ τῆς εἰς τὰ κάτω, καθάπερ καὶ ἡ διὰ τῶν δριμυτέρων κλυσμῶν τῆς ἐπὶ τοὺς ἐμέτους. ἄμφω δὲ ταύτας τὰς ῥοπὰς, λέγω δὲ τὰς διὰ τῆς ἄνω καὶ κάτω γαστρὸς, εἰς οὖρα καὶ ἱδρῶτας ἀντισπάσεις· καὶ μέντοι γε καὶ τὰ οὖρα πρὸς ἱδρῶτάς τε καὶ διαχωρήσεις γαστρὸς. ἀντισπαστικὸν δὲ βοήθημα καὶ ἡ παρὰ τοὺς τιτθοὺς προβαλλομένη σικύα. ταῖς δὲ καθ’ ὑποχόνδριον ἐρειδομέναις ἀντισπάσεις τὴν ἐπὶ τοὺς μυκτῆρας ὁρμὴν τοῦ αἵματος, ὥσπερ γε καὶ τὴν διὰ μήτρας ἄμετρον φοράν. ἀντισπᾷ δὲ καὶ τὰ δριμέα φάρμακα τοῖς κόλποις ἐπιτιθέμενα τὰς ἐπὶ κεφαλὴν καὶ σπλάγχνα ῥοπὰς τῶν χυμῶν. καὶ ἁπλῶς τὴν ἀντίσπασιν ποιητέον ἐπὶ μὲν τοῖς ἄνω ῥέουσι χυμοῖς εἰς τὰ κάτω, ἐπὶ δὲ τοῖς εἰς τὰ κάτω τοὐναντίον, καὶ ἐπὶ μὲν ταῖς ἔσω ῥοπαῖς ἔξω, καὶ πάλιν ἐπὶ ταῖς ἐκτὸς εἴσω, κᾂν πρὸς τὰ δεξιὰ ῥέπῃ, ἐπὶ τὰ ἀριστερὰ, καὶ εἰ πρὸς τὰ εὐώνυμα, πρὸς τὰ ἐναντία. οὕτω δὲ καὶ τὰς μὲν ὀπίσω ῥοπὰς πρόσω, τὰς δ’ εἰς πρόσω ὄπισθεν.

Περὶ σικύας.

Σικύαι προκενωθέντων χρήσιμοι. πληθωρικῶν γὰρ ὑπαρχόντων οὐ χρησόμεθα ταύταις. τῷ δὲ αὐτῷ λόγῳ κἀπὶ τῶν κατ’ ἐγκέφαλον καὶ μήνιγγας φλεγμονῶν οὐ χρησόμεθα σικύαις ἐν ἀρχῇ τῶν παθῶν, ὥσπερ οὐδ’ ἐπ’ ἄλλου μορίου φλεγμαίνοντος οὐδενὸς, ἀλλ’ ὅταν μὴ ἐπιῤῥῇ μηδὲν ἔτι καὶ προκενώσωμεν ὅλον τὸ σῶμα, χρεία τε γένηται ἢ κινῆσαί τε καὶ ἐκμοχλεῦσαι τὸ καταφλεγμαῖνον, ἢ πρὸς τοὐκτὸς ἐπισπάσασθαι. γενομένων δὲ ἔτι τῶν παθῶν, οὐκ αὐτοῖς τοῖς ἀρχομένοις κάμνειν μέλεσιν, ἀλλὰ τοῖς συνεχέσιν αὐτῶν ἐπιθετέον τὴν σικύαν ἀντισπάσεως ἕνεκεν. κατὰ τὴν ἀρχὴν δὲ τοῖς ἀποκρουστικοῖς χρηστέον. σικύα δύναται τὴν ὕλην κενῶσαι, ὀδύνην λῦσαι, φλεγμονὴν μειῶσαι, ἐμπνευμάτωσιν διαφορῆσαι, ὀρέξεις ἀνακτήσασθαι, ἄτονον στόμαχον τονώδη ποιήσασθαι, λειποθυμίας ἀπαλλάξαι, τὰ ἐκ τῶν βάθεων μεταφέρειν ῥεύματα καὶ ξηρᾶναι καὶ αἱμοῤῥαγίας ἐπισχεῖν, καὶ ἐμμήνων φθοροποιοὺς δυνάμεις ἑλκύσαι, καὶ ἔμμηνα κουφίσαι.

Περὶ ἐγχαράξεως καὶ κατασχασμοῦ.

Ἐγχαράξομεν μέρη τοῦ σώματος, ἤτοι φλεγμαίνοντα, ἢ σκιῤῥούμενα, ἢ τεταμένα, ἢ ἐπωδύνως ἔχοντα, ἢ ῥευματισθέντα, ἤδη στάσιν εἰληφότος τοῦ ῥευματισμοῦ, ἢ δριμείας ὕλης παρακειμένης, ἢ ἰώδους δυνάμεως ἔξωθεν ἐμπεσούσης, ἢ βουλόμενοι μεταγαγεῖν ἐξ ἑτέρων μερῶν εἰς ἄλλο τὴν ὕλην. οἷον σκέλη κατασχάζομεν κεφαλῆς πεπονθυίας ἢ πλεοναζούσης ὕλης ἐν τῷ σώματι μειῶσαι θέλοντες. καὶ μάλισθ’ ὅταν ὁ πλεονασμὸς γένηται δι’ ἐποχὴν ὕλης εἰωθυίας ἀποκρίνεσθαι συνήθως. οἷον αἱμοῤῥοΐδων ἐπισχεθεισῶν ἐγχαράσσομεν σκέλη προλουσάμενοι ἢ ἐν θερμῷ πυριᾷν ἢ σπόγγῳ. τὸ μὲν γὰρ φλέβα διελεῖν πολλάκις τοῦ ἔτους οὐκ ἐπιτήδειον ἐνόμισα. ἅμα γὰρ αἵματι πολλῷ συνεκκρίνεται τὸ ζωτικὸν πνεῦμα. τούτου δὲ ἀναλισκομένου πυκνότερον ὅ τε ὅλος ὄγκος καταψύχεται καὶ πάντα τὰ ψυχικὰ ἔργα χεῖρον γίνεται. διὰ τοῦτο ἀπὸ τῶν ἀκυρωτέρων, οἷον σκελῶν, τὴν ἀφαίρεσιν δεῖ ποιεῖσθαι. ὠφελεῖ δὲ ἡ ἐγχάραξις καὶ ὀφθαλμοὺς χρονίως ῥευματιζομένους καὶ κεφαλῆς διαθέσεις καὶ τὰ περὶ θώρακα καὶ μετάφρενα καὶ συνάγχας καὶ σφηνώσεις.